Three decades after the Court of Justice transformed professional football forever, Case C-415/93 remains the single most consequential sports law judgment ever handed down. This article examines what the ruling actually said and whether its logic survives the post-Super League landscape.
The CAS award of 14 April 2026 has settled, at least for now, the most contested question in whereabouts jurisprudence: whether a panel may reduce below the mandatory minimum two-year sanction on the basis of general personal hardship. The answer is no.
A survey of five CAS decisions issued between November 2023 and April 2026 defining the outer limits of the mandatory minimum sanction framework under the 2021 WADA Code.
A detailed analysis of Case C-333/21 and what the Grand Chamber's ruling on authorisation frameworks means for federations, breakaway projects, and the future structure of European club competition.
This article re-examines the tension between the strict liability principle in anti-doping law and the proportionality doctrine as applied by the CAS Panel in the landmark 2024 award.
An examination of how WADA uses its compliance monitoring powers against national anti-doping organisations and federations that fail to implement the Code, and the extent to which CAS review provides meaningful oversight.
An analysis of how CAS panels have characterised the grace period mechanism and its interaction with the failure accumulation rules under Article 2.4.
A critical analysis of how TUEs interact with athlete whereabouts obligations under the International Paralympic Committee's Anti-Doping Code.